We know that the most basic components of life on the earth are cells but do you know how does a cell forms? What happened at the beginning of the formation of the earth? How does the stunning diversity in cells had have happened? What caused this diversity?
SOLAR NEBULA THEORY
According to the solar nebula theory, the Earth and other planets in our solar system are formed by the condensation of the solar nebula, which is a gaseous cloud of dust in space. The dust particles under their own gravity started to come closer, placing the sun at the center of our solar system. Then the rest of the dust started swirling and formed our planets. In this process, gravity did its part and the rest is accretion, which is a process of growth in the layers. Earth has formed around 4.54 billion years ago from the solar nebula. At that time earth is so hot with Volcanic outgassing and the atmosphere had created hostile conditions, the formation of oceans came later. In the early stages, there was heavy lightning and thunderstorms in the earth's atmosphere.
The early atmosphere of the earth did not contain oxygen as we have now. At that time most of the oxygen is in the oceans in the form of H20 and the majority of the Earth's atmosphere is constituted with methane, hydrogen, and ammonia there are some other organic compounds like phosphate, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
MILLER UREY EXPERIMENT
J.B.S Haldane a British scientist told that life on the earth has come from simple inorganic molecules. The harsh conditions on earth had made these simple inorganic molecules to form complex organic molecules which indeed formed the primitive life that emerged. To prove this, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey performed an experiment that eventually explained the origin of life. They equipped the apparatus in a way that resembled the earth's atmosphere in the early stages. It consisted of the gases hydrogen-sulfite, ammonia, methane, and water with no oxygen resembling the earth's atmosphere. They passed an electric spark that resembled lightning and maintained the temperature of the gaseous mixture below 100C. When Miller and Urey observed the experiment after a week they have found that around 15% of carbon from methane has formed simple carbon compounds like amino acids and proteins. From this experiment, Miller and Urey have efficiently shown primitive life on the earth.
It was thought that the earlier form of life on earth was an autotroph because the autotrophs have the ability to form their own food, whereas the heterotrophs depend upon other forms of life for food and energy.
MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR
There was a common gene found in the basic domains of life bacteria, eukarya, and archaea. Scientists say that these basic life domains might have had a common ancestor. They called this common ancestor LUCA the last universal common ancestor or most recent common ancestor MRCA. This also suggests that all forms of life on the earth have come from the same form of life. It was said that LUCA lived in the deep sea vents or the hydrothermal vents, which have a high temperature and are oxygen-free. There are two types of vents; black smokers and white smokers but scientists have said that the black smokers are too hot for LUCA and white smokers provided the optimal temperature for LUCA. LUCA was not the first form of life but it is the organism with which we all share a common gene, not only humans but every living organism or form of life on earth. With the gene diversity, this is how life on earth is formed and which eventually gave rise to billions of different species that are inhibited on our planet. Keep following us for interesting facts and theories about our universe and our existence.
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